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5G communication utilizes electromagnetic waves in two frequency bands: FR1 and FR2. FR1 ranges from 450MHz to 6GHz, while FR2 ranges from 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz, falling under the millimeter wave category. Electromagnetic waves in the FR2 band decay rapidly in air, necessitating ultra-dense networking for continuous coverage. Future deployments will include small and micro base stations in crowded areas.

Electromagnetic shielding is essential to prevent interference from high electric field strength on components. The design principle of electromagnetic shielding involves using a shield to minimize the distributed capacitance between the interference source and the base, thereby reducing the impact of the interference source on the base.